The Evidence
The main reason that we don't see the effects of these new equations in everyday life is due to the dependence of our technology on conductors. Then there is this 8000 mile diameter conductive sphere that we all are never far from (called Earth). These two factors are the main reason that current mathematics work, not because that they are correct. When people do report strange electrical effects the reports are discounted when they can not be explained. A well known example that is at "http://amasci.com/weird/unusual/e-wall.html" is partially shown below:
From today's point of view a moving sheet of charged plastic is going to have a static electric field and a magnetic field from its motion.
Obviously that's not what's happening here....
Instead the sheets electric field is changing when the charged sheet is moving. When the sheets are separated contact electrification causes one side of the sheet to acquire a positive potential and the other side a negative potential. This would cause the sheets to form a capacitor with the electric field from these potentials only seen inside the sheet with very little of this electric field seen outside the sheets whether they are moving or not.
But in our new mathematical framework we have a term that predicts that a moving electric charge will have an increase in its the electric field when it is viewed perpendicular to it's motion. This electric field change from this new term will be seen outside the sheets. The relativistic electric field changes will also be greatest at the center of the sheets due to the summing of this relativistic potential from these electric field changes.
Obviously that's not what's happening here....
Instead the sheets electric field is changing when the charged sheet is moving. When the sheets are separated contact electrification causes one side of the sheet to acquire a positive potential and the other side a negative potential. This would cause the sheets to form a capacitor with the electric field from these potentials only seen inside the sheet with very little of this electric field seen outside the sheets whether they are moving or not.
But in our new mathematical framework we have a term that predicts that a moving electric charge will have an increase in its the electric field when it is viewed perpendicular to it's motion. This electric field change from this new term will be seen outside the sheets. The relativistic electric field changes will also be greatest at the center of the sheets due to the summing of this relativistic potential from these electric field changes.
Under the current mathematical framework being used today the plastic sheets are going to acquire a large negative charge on one side and a large positive charge on the other side as they separate. The sheets then form a charged capacitor with the majority of the electric field being seen in between the plastic sheets and not externally seen unless there was an imbalance of the charges. Even with a charge imbalance, the moving sheets static electric field would not change as the sheets start to move. Instead a very small magnetic field from their motion would be seen under today's view point. Even then the magnetic field would be too small to measure reliably. In reality we are going to see the electric fields change dramatically from the static electric field that is seen when the sheets are stationary. When the charged sheets start to move a relativistic electric field change or a complex electric field will start to be observed from the moving charged sheets from the stationary frame of reference.
The above report is a great example of how geometric amplification can bring out relativistic electric field changes that would normally not be noticed. What is geometric amplification? It is the amplification of electric field changes due to the geometry of the object holding the charge. In this case the smooth flat surface of the charged non-conducting sheets allows the charges potential to increase or be summed across the face of the sheet such that the center of the sheet has the highest potential and electric field. This is different than from a charged conducting flat sheet which will not have any geometric amplification of it's static electric field. This is due to the conductors requirement that the electric field inside a conductor to be near 0. But the relativistic electric field changes will get amplified from geometric amplification from a flat moving conductive or non-conductive charged sheet. The sheet in this example will have a geometrically amplified static electric field and a relativistic electric field change when the sheet is in motion. Both electric fields will be similar in shape to an insulated sheet's electric field as shown in the example below:
The above report is a great example of how geometric amplification can bring out relativistic electric field changes that would normally not be noticed. What is geometric amplification? It is the amplification of electric field changes due to the geometry of the object holding the charge. In this case the smooth flat surface of the charged non-conducting sheets allows the charges potential to increase or be summed across the face of the sheet such that the center of the sheet has the highest potential and electric field. This is different than from a charged conducting flat sheet which will not have any geometric amplification of it's static electric field. This is due to the conductors requirement that the electric field inside a conductor to be near 0. But the relativistic electric field changes will get amplified from geometric amplification from a flat moving conductive or non-conductive charged sheet. The sheet in this example will have a geometrically amplified static electric field and a relativistic electric field change when the sheet is in motion. Both electric fields will be similar in shape to an insulated sheet's electric field as shown in the example below:
This diagram shows the static electric fields from two different types of sheets. The first sheet is the electric field from a charged conductor. The conductor has the characteristic that the electric field is going to be near 0 inside the conductor. It accomplishes this effect through the redistribution of the mobile negative charge carriers (the electrons). The mobile charge carriers will move around the conductor to offset the effects of any increase in the sheets potential to keep the electric field inside the conductor near 0. This creates an electric field that is perpendicular to the surface of the conductor along with a potential that is constant across the sheet.
To get the electric field from a uniformly charged non-conducting sheet the difference of the potential across the sheet has to be taken into account. Since the electric field inside the sheet is not near 0 this gives us a changing potential across the sheet that is greatest at the center of the sheet. This gives us an electric field that resembles a tent with the top of the tent at the center of the sheet. This tenting of the electric field is an example of geometric amplification of the electric field from the geometry of the charge holding object. This is much different from a charged conducting or non-conducting sphere. The electric fields from both will be the same due to the charge on the conducting sphere will have the same charge density as the non-conducting sphere. So unlike a flat sheet a charged non-conducting sphere has no geometric amplification of its electric field.
To get the electric field from a uniformly charged non-conducting sheet the difference of the potential across the sheet has to be taken into account. Since the electric field inside the sheet is not near 0 this gives us a changing potential across the sheet that is greatest at the center of the sheet. This gives us an electric field that resembles a tent with the top of the tent at the center of the sheet. This tenting of the electric field is an example of geometric amplification of the electric field from the geometry of the charge holding object. This is much different from a charged conducting or non-conducting sphere. The electric fields from both will be the same due to the charge on the conducting sphere will have the same charge density as the non-conducting sphere. So unlike a flat sheet a charged non-conducting sphere has no geometric amplification of its electric field.
The static electric field from the non-conducting plastic charged sheets in this example are going to have a uniform charge density and would have a static electric field that is the same as a charged insulator diagrammed above. But since the sheets are going to have opposite charges on their opposite sides there is going to be no electric field seen outside the sheets unless there is imbalance. That is until they start to move. Then the new 2nd term to our new electric field equation will start to be seen outside the sheets from the stationary frame of reference when the sheets are viewed perpendicular to their motion. The charges on the charged sheets will not see the effects from this new term since they don't perceive them selves in motion. This new 2nd term that now is seen outside the sheets from the stationary frame of reference is also going to experience geometric amplification from the increased potential at the center of the moving sheets. These relativistic electric field changes will create an electric field that has it's greatest intensity at the center of the sheets. The relativistic changes in the electric field from the moving charges on the charged sheets will only be seen when the charged sheets start to move. The intensity of the relativistic electric field changes will be dependent on the charge density and velocity. These changes in the electric field of the moving charged sheets are diagrammed below: .
In this example the charged sheet gets a negative charge on the lower portion of the sheet and a positive charge on the top of the sheet from contact electrification. The charges will form a giant capacitor with most of its static electric field seen inside the plastic sheets. When the sheets start to move we will start to see the effects of the 2nd term to our new electric field equation from the cross product of the velocity and potential. This term will experience geometric amplification of the electric field change just like the static electric field on an insulator. This gives us a tent like electric field that will be seen as the appearance of a new negative electric field component that is pointing in towards the center of the moving sheet.
The relativistic electric field change that is seen from the moving charged sheet is now seen as a new negative electric field -E(Inward) that is pointing towards the center of the space under the moving sheets that form a tunnel. If a person now tries to walk under the top sheet they will acquire a negative charge and then will experience an outward force as they attempt to move toward the center of the tunnel. Then since a person is conductive the negative charges will move to the part of the person that is furthest from the center of the tunnel and the positive charges will be left on the part of the person that is nearest the center of the tunnel. This will give an effect where the closest parts of the person are being pulled in toward the center of the tunnel and the farthest parts of the person will push away from the center of the tunnel. This gives a fly paper effect where if the person gets too close to the center of the tunnel the person gets stuck and has to rotate to get the negative charges closer to the center of the tunnel to allow them to escape.
The second effect here is the response of the earth to the positive charges electric field changes on the outside surfaces of the sheets that form the tunnel. The mobile charges in the earth and surrounding charged objects will see the positive relativistic electric field changes on the outside surfaces of the tunnel formed by the sheets. The charges on the surrounding objects will move their negative charges around to offset those changes. These charges that are offsetting the positive electric field changes from the outside sheets are now going to amplify even further the negative electric field changes that were seen inside the tunnel.
The next example was reported in "INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MODERN PHYSICS B" in the article "Longitudinal Forces in Weber Electrodynamics by A.K.T. ASSIS and MARCELO BUENO". This effect was confirmed in “THE EUROPEAN PHYSICAL JOURNAL D” in the article “An experimental confirmation of longitudinal electrodynamic forces by N. Graneau, T. Phipps Jr, and D. Roscoe”. This effect manifests it self as an unknown force that generates a large tension in a wire conducting a large current that causes the wire to fracture into independent segments. This same effect is documented in a number of different experiments in the link below.
The second effect here is the response of the earth to the positive charges electric field changes on the outside surfaces of the sheets that form the tunnel. The mobile charges in the earth and surrounding charged objects will see the positive relativistic electric field changes on the outside surfaces of the tunnel formed by the sheets. The charges on the surrounding objects will move their negative charges around to offset those changes. These charges that are offsetting the positive electric field changes from the outside sheets are now going to amplify even further the negative electric field changes that were seen inside the tunnel.
The next example was reported in "INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MODERN PHYSICS B" in the article "Longitudinal Forces in Weber Electrodynamics by A.K.T. ASSIS and MARCELO BUENO". This effect was confirmed in “THE EUROPEAN PHYSICAL JOURNAL D” in the article “An experimental confirmation of longitudinal electrodynamic forces by N. Graneau, T. Phipps Jr, and D. Roscoe”. This effect manifests it self as an unknown force that generates a large tension in a wire conducting a large current that causes the wire to fracture into independent segments. This same effect is documented in a number of different experiments in the link below.
These unknown longitudinal forces are easily understood to be from the increase and decrease in the electric fields from approaching and receding electrons that are moving through a conductor. This is diagrammed below.
The positive ion in a conductor is usually the copper ions that make up the atomic matrix that forms the wire. When an electric current flows through a wire the positive ions see the approaching electron as having a potential of slightly higher than 1 eV from the scalar electric potential. The same ion sees the receding electrons as having a potential slightly lower than 1 eV. This allows the ion to see a negative electric field to the left that creates a force on the ion to the left.
The diagram above, shows that the ions that make up the atomic matrix of the wire are going to see a force from the current in the wire that is in the opposite direction of the electric current. The source of the unknown longitudinal force is the result of the scalar electric potential modifying the electric field that a stationary positive ion sees from the approaching and receding electrons. The approaching electron to a positive copper ion in a wire conductor has a slightly greater electric field from its potential being modified by the scalar electric potential. The receding electrons from a copper ion in a wire conductor has a slightly decreased electric field from its potential being modified by the scalar electric potential. This allows the copper ions to see a electric field that creates a force on the ions that is in the opposite direction to the electric current flowing in the wire conductor. If the current is large enough in the wire the wire will fracture into a number of short sections.
Another example of the effects of the scalar electric potential is the tornado. Today the forces that keep a tornado together are still unresolved. Specifically that the pressure differential from the inside of the tornado and outside is too low to keep that tornado from disintegrating. A tornado forms from the circular rotation of charged air. This rotating charge is going to form an increased residual scalar electric potential on the outside of the tornado and a decreased residual scalar electric potential on the inside of the tornado. These residual electric scalars are formed from the perpendicular acceleration or centripetal acceleration of the charge air that doesn't allow the leading electric scalar of the rotating charged air to totally offset the trailing decreasing scalar. This effect is shown below.
Another example of the effects of the scalar electric potential is the tornado. Today the forces that keep a tornado together are still unresolved. Specifically that the pressure differential from the inside of the tornado and outside is too low to keep that tornado from disintegrating. A tornado forms from the circular rotation of charged air. This rotating charge is going to form an increased residual scalar electric potential on the outside of the tornado and a decreased residual scalar electric potential on the inside of the tornado. These residual electric scalars are formed from the perpendicular acceleration or centripetal acceleration of the charge air that doesn't allow the leading electric scalar of the rotating charged air to totally offset the trailing decreasing scalar. This effect is shown below.
The diagram is of a rotating positive air column from the view point of looking down at the tornado from above it. The clockwise rotating arrows are the positively charged air that composes the rotating air column of the tornado. As the charge air rotates the centripetal acceleration causes the leading or increasing scalar electric potential to be left behind around the outside of the column. This also causes the decreasing or trailing scalar to be left behind on the inside of the the column. This causes an electric field to form that is positive on the outside of the column and negative on the inside of the column. This electric field will now produce a force on the rotating positively charged air that is inward. This electric field will increase over time as the speed of the charges increase causing the rotating column to eventually pinch off killing the tornado.
The decreased scalar electric potential on the inside of the tornado and the increased scalar electric potential on the outside of the tornado will create an electric field that creates a force that forces the rotating charged air toward the center of the tornado. As the scalar builds up the force will get larger and larger and the tornado will get thinner and thinner until it eventually pinches off in different places along the funnel. This effect has been documented as the " The Rope Out" of a dissipating tornado. An example of a tornado that is roping out is shown below:
Many tornadoes follow a life cycle ending with the tube then rope stage. The rope stage may lead to a contorted funnel that resembles a string from a distance. It may break up into sections and still keep a circulation on the ground. Tornadoes can be dangerous in the rope stage. This was proven during research of tornadoes that hit during the rope stage and caused F-5 damage, the worst damage which leaves only the foundation of a well built house. This is also the time that electric field from the scalar electric potentials is at its greatest intensity.
This theory of how a tornado works is easily testable. Measure the difference between the electric field from the inside to outside of the tornado and see if we do have a large electric field pointing inward toward the center of the tornado.
The last example shows how vulnerable our current technology based on conductors is to these new extra terms in our new electric field equation. The diagram below is a hypothetical example that has been verified in the lab:
The last example shows how vulnerable our current technology based on conductors is to these new extra terms in our new electric field equation. The diagram below is a hypothetical example that has been verified in the lab:
The 12 volt circuit on the right with the resistor is a good representative of a car electrical circuit. Right next to the 12 volt circuit is a rotating alternating charged disk. The rotating disk with large alternating charges is easy to make with copper sheets separated by a high dielectric material. Under the current electromagnetic framework the rotating disk would radiate an AC electromagnetic signal that would have a frequency based on the rotation speed and the number of alternating charges. The disk doesn't radiate an electromagnetic signal when someone actually does this experiment. Instead we get an AC electric field that can't be shielded and interferes with the electric fields in a conductor. The conductor that is connected to the positive terminal of the battery is going to have a +12 volt potential in it that decreases as you get farther from the battery. That is a linear electric field that is based on the current in the conductor and its resistance. That is until the rotating disk/ring starts to rotate. Then the AC relativistic electric field from the moving charges now interferes with the linear electric field in the conductor. This AC relativistic electric field will not be able to be shielded from with the metal car body since the car body is in a different inertial frame of reference of the moving charges. The result is that a car next to this type of propulsion system will not run or start.
This is an example of the effects from our new term in the electric field equation from the cross product of the potential and its velocity that can interfere with the electric fields in a conductor. This effect is only seen with the AC signals from this term. A rotating disk with large alternating charges in it will now generate an AC relativistic electric field from our new term. We are not going to see much of an static electric field from the charges on the disk since most if not all of the electric field will be between segments in the disk. But this relativistic AC electric field from this new term is going to effect low voltage electronic devices that are near the rotating disk. This new relativistic AC electric field is going to interfere with the electrical field in a conductor that causes an electric current to flow. The amplitude of this new term is going to be dependent on the amount of charge that is in the disk and the speed of the rotation of the disk. The amount of interference that each segment of the conductor that is powered by the 12 volt battery is dependent on its orientation to the rotating disk and the electric field intensity in the wire. The current capacity of the source or amp hour of the battery is irrelevant to the circuits ability to resist this type of interference from this new relativistic AC electric field. Only the battery's potential, resistance of the wire conductor, and orientation of the wire determine the circuits resistance to this type of interference. This type of interference has the primary effect of making a wires look like they have a high resistance in one orientation and a low resistance in another orientation. But since all circuits are really a loop of wire or a complete circle, the electrical circuit experiencing this type of interference will always have a high resistance segment somewhere along the electrical circuit that will make the battery appear to be dead. That is until the interference stops, as in the disk stops rotating or it moves away from the circuit. Then the battery will magically seem to have gone from dead to good. The other aspect of this type of interference is that since the AC relativistic electric field is in a different inertial frame of reference from the 12 volt circuit, any electrostatic shielding in the inertial frame of reference of the 12 volt circuit will be ineffective in shielding the 12 volt circuit from these effects.
These types of effects have been predicted and the source of these types of effects have been documented for the first time in detail in this document. But the reports of cars experiencing dead batteries around more advance propulsion systems has been reported many times since the 1950's by people who have no technical knowledge or ability to understand the effects that are described above. Then when these types of propulsion systems leave the proximity of these cars, these reports report that the batteries magically come back to life. We would have to assume that they have encountered the effects from machines that are using these new terms for their propulsion systems. This gives us an insight on to how these systems might work.
The first thing that we can conclude is that these systems probably are not using some type of anti-gravity or exotic black hole nonsense. These propulsion systems are probably just using the new terms in our electric field equation and our new equation for the electric scalar potential to function. Second these systems are probably not operating on large power sources. Just like the technologies of the 1800's used steam engines that weighed 200,000 lbs., consumed tons of coal and generated 1000 hp. Today's automobile engine weighs 500 lb. and generates 500 hp. using a few gallons of gasoline. This represents a weight differential of 400 times, a power differential of .5, and a fuel energy density difference of 1000's of times. We would have to assume the next propulsion technology jump will give us similar improvements. The next jump in propulsion technology will probably give us the same kind of power that we get from our current propulsion devices with devices that will weigh 1 lb., give us 250 hp. and use a fuel source that fits in a shoe box.
So how do we know that these reports are real?
All we need to do is to create a set of experiments to show if these effects are real or not.
These types of effects have been predicted and the source of these types of effects have been documented for the first time in detail in this document. But the reports of cars experiencing dead batteries around more advance propulsion systems has been reported many times since the 1950's by people who have no technical knowledge or ability to understand the effects that are described above. Then when these types of propulsion systems leave the proximity of these cars, these reports report that the batteries magically come back to life. We would have to assume that they have encountered the effects from machines that are using these new terms for their propulsion systems. This gives us an insight on to how these systems might work.
The first thing that we can conclude is that these systems probably are not using some type of anti-gravity or exotic black hole nonsense. These propulsion systems are probably just using the new terms in our electric field equation and our new equation for the electric scalar potential to function. Second these systems are probably not operating on large power sources. Just like the technologies of the 1800's used steam engines that weighed 200,000 lbs., consumed tons of coal and generated 1000 hp. Today's automobile engine weighs 500 lb. and generates 500 hp. using a few gallons of gasoline. This represents a weight differential of 400 times, a power differential of .5, and a fuel energy density difference of 1000's of times. We would have to assume the next propulsion technology jump will give us similar improvements. The next jump in propulsion technology will probably give us the same kind of power that we get from our current propulsion devices with devices that will weigh 1 lb., give us 250 hp. and use a fuel source that fits in a shoe box.
So how do we know that these reports are real?
All we need to do is to create a set of experiments to show if these effects are real or not.